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大地彩票2023-01-31 16:05

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涉疫刑事案件办理调整后,还有哪些法律问题待明确?******

  中新网北京1月9日电(韦香惠)我国对新冠病毒感染已正式实施“乙类乙管”。7日,最高法、最高检等五部门联合出台《关于适应新阶段疫情防控政策调整依法妥善办理相关刑事案件的通知》,对涉疫刑事案件办理调整进一步细化。有关专家表示,这更有利于符合新规所代表的现时的社会评价,实现法律效果与社会效果统一。

1月8日,中国边境城市——广西东兴活力逐渐恢复 翟李强 摄

  这些人可解除羁押

  1月7日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部、海关总署联合出台《关于适应新阶段疫情防控政策调整依法妥善办理相关刑事案件的通知》(下称《通知》)。

  《通知》明确,自2023年1月8日对新型冠状病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”、不再纳入检疫传染病管理之日起,对违反新型冠状病毒感染疫情预防、控制措施和国境卫生检疫规定的行为,不再以刑法第三百三十条妨害传染病防治罪、第三百三十二条妨害国境卫生检疫罪定罪处罚。

  目前正在办理的相关案件,依照我国刑法、刑事诉讼法相关规定,及时妥善处理。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人处于被羁押状态的,各办案机关应当依法及时解除羁押强制措施;涉案财物被查封、扣押、冻结的,应当依法及时解除。

  《通知》强调,要全面准确贯彻宽严相济刑事政策。对侵犯医务人员人身安全、扰乱正常医疗秩序和严重妨害养老机构、社会福利机构等重点机构防控秩序,对涉疫药品、检测试剂等制假售假、走私贩私、哄抬物价等危害严重、性质恶劣等犯罪行为,依法从严惩治,坚决维护国家安全和社会稳定。对涉疫轻微刑事案件,重在疏导和化解矛盾,统筹落实少捕慎诉慎押刑事司法政策,把注重溯源治理、恢复社会秩序、促进社会和谐稳定融入司法办案。

1月7日晚,上海浦东国际机场T2航站楼国际到达层连夜拆除入境旅客闭环转运防疫围挡 殷立勤 摄

  专家:刑法适用的基本原则是从旧兼从轻

  上海交通大学凯原法学院教授郑戈向中新网介绍,刑法适用的基本原则是“从旧兼从轻”。

  郑戈解释,从旧兼从轻原则是刑法和行政处罚法等涉及禁止和处罚某些行为的法律领域所通用的法律适用原则,从旧原则所贯彻的是法无明文规定不处罚的理念,如果某种行为是被行为发生后的新法规定为具有可罚性,则应当按照行为时的旧法不予处罚;从轻原则是对从旧原则的补充,如果行为发生时的旧法规定该行为违法并应予处罚,但新法免除了该行为的处罚或规定了较轻的处罚,则适用新法。

  “涉疫刑事案件办理调整是新法轻于旧法时,从轻原则适用的进一步体现。”他说。

  北京大学医学人文学院医学伦理与法律系教授王岳认为,“乙类乙管”的实施,意味着刑法随着行政前置法的修改而对涉及新冠感染的行为的法律认定发生了变化。

  王岳表示,《通知》对相关人员的解除羁押更符合处罚与违法行为相适应的原则,更有利于符合新规所代表的现时的社会评价,实现判决的法律效果与社会效果的统一。

  他向中新网解释,其中的法理在于,对于新冠病毒感染的乙类甲管措施已经实际解除,且“每个人是自己健康的第一责任人”观念不断深入人心,在这一背景之下,人们刻意违反新冠防疫规定的现实可能性和危险性都已经下降,原有可能涉及刑事犯罪的行为已经不足以构成对社会秩序以及公众健康这两个法益的威胁,法律对该行为的社会危害性的评价已发生变化。

“乙类乙管”实施首日的首都国际机场 中新社记者 富田 摄

  还有这些法律问题待明确

  1月8日起,我国对新冠病毒感染正式实施“乙类乙管”。除了刑案办理模式以外,专家认为,还有一些法律问题需进一步明确。

  王岳提到,对于因感染新冠无法到岗时,员工工资的发放;感染新冠病毒居家隔离期间,国家是否需要提供生活保障等问题待有关部门统一规定。

  郑戈则表示,“乙类乙管”后的法律问题还有健康码、行程码所涉及的公民个人信息删除问题、“乙类甲管”期间违反防疫规定的行为的处罚问题等。

  对于健康码是否还有存在的必要,郑戈认为,目前还有人有做核酸的需要,由于路径依赖,核酸检测结果与健康码是绑定的,查询起来比较方便,但健康码的公共用途已丧失。为此,他建议,核酸检测结果可另辟通道供个人查询。(完)

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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